Terminology

In this page all the terms used to describe the health in the Patient Profile screen are presented. Below each term in Ranges and Scores sections you can find links to the locations of the Patient Profile wiki page where the corresponding terms are used. By clicking these links you will be driven to the corresponding parameter's section in the Patient Profile page of this wiki.

Acronyms Finder

Vital Signs		Arterial Blood Gases		Laboratory Information System		Social history
Temperature (°C) Heart Rate (bpm) Systolic Pressure (mm Hg) Diastolic Pressure (mm Hg) Respiratory Rate (bpm) SpO2 (%) Urine Output (ml/kg/h)		pH HCO3 (mEq/L) PaCO2 (mmHg) PaO2 (mmHg) SaO2 (%) FiO2 (%) PaO2/FiO2 SpO2/FiO2		Covi d-19 Related hs-CRP ((mg/L)) IL-6 (pg/L) ESR (mm/h) Serum ferritin (ng/mL) PT (s) APTT (s) D-dimer (μg/mL) Covi d-19 Test Type Nasopharyngeal Oropharyngeal Bronchoalveolar Lavage		Alcohol intake Health-related behavior Tobacco use and exposure Exercise Details of drug misuse behavior Nutritional observable Employment detail Toxic exposure status

Comorbidities		Symptoms		Symptoms (cont.)		Ventilation Treatment
Hypertension Diabetes Cardiovascular disease Liver disease Nervous system disease Chronic respiratory/ lung disease Chronic kidney disease Endocrine system disease Hematologic disease Tumor Immunosuppression Immunodeficiency		Cons titutional Fever Myalgia Headache Uppe r Respiratory Rhinorrhea Nasal Congestion Sore throat Lowe r Respiratory Dyspnea Chest tightness Cough Sputum		Gast rointestinal Nausea Diarrhea Neur ological Ageusia Anosmia Communication disorder Acquired Confusion Lethargy		Non Ventilated (oxygen therapy) Nasal Cannula Venturi Mask Non Re-breathing Mask Non Invasive Ventilation Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV) Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) Inv asive Ventilation Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV) IMV with ECMO

Ranges

Vital Signs

Definition

Vital Signs

Type	Ranges
Temperature (°C)	36.1 -37.2 (°C)
Heart Rate (bpm)	60-100 (bpm)
Systolic Pressure (mm Hg)	90-140 (mm Hg)
Diastolic Pressure (mm Hg)	75-90 (mm Hg)
Respiratory Rate (bpm)	16-20 (bpm)
SpO2 (%)	>93%
Urine Output (ml/kg/h)	Based on Fluid Balance (Intake/ Output)

Find it in Patient Profile wiki page: Demographics & Status, Monitoring Charts, Daily Monitoring

Arterial Blood Gases (ABG)

Definition

An arterial blood gases (ABG) test measures the acidity (pH) and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from an artery. This test is used to check how well your lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.

Arterial Blood Gases

Type	Ranges
pH	7.35 - 7.45
HCO3 (mEq/L)	22 - 26 (mEq/L)
PaCO2(mmHg)	35 - 45 (mmHg)
PaO2 (mmHg)	75 - 100 (mmHg)
SaO2 (%)	95% - 100%

Find it in Patient Profile wiki page: [Patient Profile -> Demographics & Status -> Add Assessment], [Patient Profile -> Monitoring Charts], [Patient Profile -> Daily Monitoring]

Laboratory Information System (LIS)

Definition

Laboratory Information System

Process	Type	Ranges
Infection-related Indices	hs-CRP (mg/L)	0-5 (mg/L)
	IL-6 (pg/L)	0-7 (pg/L)
	ESR (mm/h)	0-15 (mm/h)
	Serum ferritin (ng/mL)	21.8-274.66 (ng/mL)
Coagulation Function	PT (s)	10.5-13.5 (s)
	APTT (s)	21-37 (s)
	D-dimer (μg/mL)	0-1.5 (μg/mL)

Process	Type	Ranges
Hematologic	White blood cells (x109/mL)	3.5-9.5 (x109/mL)
	Neutrophils (x109/mL)	1.8-6.3 (x109/mL)
	Lymphocytes (x109/mL)	1.1-3.2 (x109/mL)
	Monocytes (x109/mL)	0.1-0.6 (x109/mL)
	Platelets (x109/mL)	125-350 (x109/mL)
	CD3 (/μL)	NA
	CD4 (/μL)	NA
	CD8 (/μL)	NA
Biochemical	Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	0-26 (mg/dL)
	AST (U/L)	15-40 (U/L)
	ALT (U/L)	9-50 (U/L)
	Total protein (g/L)	65-85 (g/L)
	Albumin (g/L)	40-55 (g/L)
	Globulin (g/L)	20-40 (g/L)
	Prealbumin (mg/L)	200-430 (mg/L)
	Urea (mM)	3.6-9.5 (mM)
	Creatinine (μM)	57-111 (μM)
	Glucose (mM)	3.9-6.1 (mM)
	CK-MB (U/L)	0-24 (U/L)
	Cholinesterase (U/L)	5000-12000 (U/L)
	Cystatin C (mg/L)	0.6-1.55 (mg/L)
	LDH (U/L)	120-150 (U/L)
	α-HBDH (U/L)	72-182 (U/L)
	LDL (mM)	2.1-3.37 (mM)

Find it in Patient Profile wiki page: [Patient Profile -> Daily Monitoring], [Patient Profile -> Laboratory]

Disease Severity Indicators

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Severity

Definition

The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrom (ARDS) severity levels are calculated using the Berlin Definition as follows:

• ARDS

- Mild ARDS: 200mmHg < PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 300 mmHg && (PEEP or CPAP ≥ 5 cmH2O) or non-ventilated.

- Moderate ARDS: 100mmHg < PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 200 mmHg && PEEP ≥ 5 cmH2O or non-ventilated.

- Severe ARDS: PaO2/FiO2 ≤ 100 mmHg && PEEP ≥ 5 cmH2O or non-ventilated.

• ARDS when PaO2 not available.

- SpO2/FiO2 ≤ 315 suggests ARDS (including non-ventilated patients)

Berlin Definition of ARDS
ARDS Severity		PaO2/FiO2
Mild		>200-300
Moderate		>100 - 200
Severe		≤100
*on positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) ≥ 5 cm H2O

Find it in Patient Profile wiki page: [Patient Profile -> Demographics & Status]

Modified Early Waring System (MEWS) Score

Definition

To calculate the Modified Early Warning System (Mews) score, we rank each one of values of the entries listed in the first column of Table Mews Calculation, based on where they fall in pre-defined ranges and then we sum-up all the ranks.

MEWS Score Range	Frequency of monitoring	Clinical Response
0-4	Minimum 12 hours	Continue to monitor and review MEWS every 12 hours
5-6	Minimum 4 hours	Consider notifying physician of MEWS score Notify charge nurse Consider placing a consult to Rapid Response Nurses Increase MEWS assessment every 4 hours with increased frequency in assessments
7+	Maximum per 2 hours	Consider calling Physician with current assessment data Consider calling a Rapid Response Call RRT Consult nurse Consider transferring to step-down or ICU

Modified Early Warning System (MEWS)
Feature	Value Range	Score
Respiratory Rate (bpm)	≤8	2
	9 - 14	0
	15 - 20	1
	21 - 29	2
	>29	3
Heart Rate (bpm)	≤ 40	2
	41 - 50	1
	51 - 100	0
	101 - 110	1
	111 - 129	2
	> 129	3
Systolic BP (mmHg)	≤ 70	3
	71 - 80	2
	81 - 100	1
	101 - 199	0
	≥ 200	2
Urine Output (ml/kg/h)	Nil	3
	< 0.5	2
Temperature (ºC)	≤ 35	2
	35.1 - 36	1
	36.1 - 38	0
	38.1 - 38.5	1
	≥ 38.6	2
Total:

Important Assumptions:  
1. When Urine Output is not inserted (i.e., NULL value), then the MEWS score is still computed assigning zero (0) points to Urine Output. 
2. To compute the Urine Output per hour we calculate the time difference between the present Urine Output entry and the last non-NULL entry.

Find it in Patient Profile wiki page: [Patient Profile -> Demographics & Status], [Patient Profile -> Demographics & Status -> Add Assessment]

Glasgow Coma Scale Score

Definition

To calculate the Glasgow Coma Scale score, we rank each one of values of the entries listed in the first column of Table Gasgow Calculation, based on where they fall in pre-defined ranges and then we sum-up all the ranks.

Glasgow Coma Scale
Behavior	Response	Score
Eye opening	Spontaneous	4
	To speech	3
	To pain	2
	None	1
Verbal response	Oriented	5
	Confused	4
	Words (Inappropriate)	3
	Sounds (Incomprehensible)	2
	None	1
Motor response	Obeys commands	6
	Localizes to pain	5
	Withdraws from pain	4
	Flexion to pain (decorticate)	3
	Extension to pain (decerebrate)	2
	None	1
Assessment		/15
Total Score	Mild	13-15
	Moderate	9-12
	Severe	8 or less

Find it in Patient Profile wiki page: [Patient Profile-> Demographics & Status], [Patient Profile -> Demographics & Status -> Add Assessment], [Patient Profile -> Daily Monitoring]

Find it in Patient Profile wiki page: [Patient Profile-> Demographics & Status], [Patient Profile -> Demographics & Status -> Add Assessment], [Patient Profile -> Daily Monitoring]

Hscore

Definition

The Hscore generates a probability for the presence of secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)¹.

• Hscores greater that 169 are 93% sensitive and 86% specific for HLH.

• Hscores can be calculated using the online calculator.

Note that bone marrow haemophagocytosis is not mandatory for a diagnosis of HLH.²

Hscore
Temperature
<38.4	0
38.4-39.4	33
>39.4	49
Organomegaly
None	0
Hepatomegaly or splenomegaly	23
Hepatomegaly and splenomegaly	38
Number of cytopenias
One lineage	0
Two lineages	24
Three lineages	34
Triglycerides (mmoL/L)
<1.5 mmol/L	0
1.5-4.0 mmol/L	44
>4 mmol/L	64
Fibrinogen (g/L)
>2.5 g/L	0
<=2.5 g/L	30
Ferritin ng/ml
<2000 ng/ml	0
2000-6000 ng/ml	35
>6000 ng/ml	50
Serum aspartate aminotransferase
<30 IU/L	0
>=30 IU/L	19
Haemophagocytosis on bone marrow aspirate
No	0
Yes	35
Known immunosuppression
No	0
Yes	18
Hscore

¹Fardet, L., Galicier, L., Lambotte, O., Marzac, C., Aumont, C., Chahwan, D., Coppo, P. and Hejblum, G., 2014. Development and validation of the HScore, a score for the diagnosis of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 66(9), pp.2613-2620.
²Mehta, P., McAuley, D.F., Brown, M., Sanchez, E., Tattersall, R.S. and Manson, J.J., 2020. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. The Lancet.

Ventricular Arrhythmia Risk

Ventricular Arrhythmia Risk Due to Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin Treatment For COVID-19¹

Risk Score For Drug-Associated QTc Prolongation2
Risk Factors	Points
Age ≥ 68 years	1
Female Sex	1
Loop diuretic	1
Serum K+ ≤3.5 mEq/L	2
Admission QTc ≥ 450 ms	2
Acute MI	2
≥2 QTc-prolonging drugs	3
Sepsis	3
Heart failure	3
One QTc-prolonging drug	3
Maximum Risk Score	21
Low Risk	≤6 points
Moderate Risk	7-10 points
High Risk	≥11 points
K+ indicates potassium; and MI, myocardial infarction.

¹Timothy F. Simpson, Richard J. Kovacs, and Eric C. Stecker, Ventricular Arrhythmia Risk Due to Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin Treatment For COVID-19, Cardiology Magazine, Mar. 29, 2020

² Tisdale JE, Jayes HA, Kingery JR, et al. Development and validation of a risk score to predict QT interval prolongation in hospitalized patients. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2013;6:479-487.