Terminology
In this page all the terms used to describe the patient's health in the patient's Patient Profile screen are presented.
The definition, the normal ranges and other relative information are given per each term. At the end of each term's description, you can find the links to the locations of the Patient Profile wiki page where the corresponding terms are used. By clicking these links you will be driven to the corresponding parameter's section in the Patient Profile page of this wiki.
Contents
ARDS Score
The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrom (ARDS) severity levels are calculated as follows:
- ARDS
- - Mild ARDS: 200mmHg <PaO2/FiO2<=300 mmHg && (PEEP or CPAP >=5 cmH2O) or non-ventilated.
- - Moderate ARDS: 100mmHg <PaO2<=200 mmHg && PEEP >=5 cmH2O or non-ventilated.
- - Severe ARDS: PaO2/FiO2<= 100 mmHg && PEEP >=5 cmH2O or non-ventilated.
- Severe ARDS when PaO2 not available.
- - SpO2/FiO2<=315 suggests ARDS (including in non-ventilated patients)
Find it in Patient Profile wiki page: [Patient Profile->Demographic Data & Disease Severity Assessment]
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
An arterial blood gas (ABG) test measures the acidity (pH) and the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood from an artery. This test is used to check how well your lungs are able to move oxygen into the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
Find it in Patient Profile wiki page: [Patient Profile-> Demographic Data & Disease Severity Assessment->Add Assessment], [Patient Profile->Medical Charts], [Patient Profile->EHR->Daily Monitoring]
CPAP
The Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (units = cmH2O) is a form of positive airway pressure non-invasive ventilator, which applies mild air pressure on a continuous basis. It keeps the airways continuously open in people who are able to breathe spontaneously on their own, but need help keeping their airway unobstructed.
CPAP supplies constant fixed positive pressure throughout inspiration and expiration. It, therefore, is not a form of ventilation, but splints the airways open. It allows a higher degree of inspired oxygen than other oxygen masks. In the chronic setting it is used for severe obstructive sleep apnoea (splinting the upper airway) and in the acute setting for type 1 respiratory failure, for example in acute pulmonary oedema (recruiting collapsed alveoli).
Find it in Patient Profile wiki page: [Patient Profile->EHR->Medication & Treatment]
ECMO
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), also known as extracorporeal life support (ECLS), is an extracorporeal technique of providing prolonged cardiac and respiratory support to persons whose heart and lungs are unable to provide an adequate amount of gas exchange or perfusion to sustain life.
Find it in Patient Profile wiki page: [Patient Profile->EHR->Medication & Treatment]
IMV
Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (IMV) refers to any mode of mechanical ventilation where a regular series of breaths are scheduled but the ventilator senses patient effort and reschedules mandatory breaths based on the calculated need of the patient.
Find it in Patient Profile wiki page: [Patient Profile->EHR->Medication & Treatment]
FiO2
Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) is the molar or volumetric fraction of oxygen in the inhaled gas. Medical patients experiencing difficulty breathing are provided with oxygen-enriched air, which means a higher-than-atmospheric FiO2. Natural air includes 21% oxygen, which is equivalent to FiO2 of 0.21. Oxygen-enriched air has a higher FiO2 than 0.21; up to 1.00 which means 100% oxygen. FiO2 is typically maintained below 0.5 even with mechanical ventilation, to avoid oxygen toxicity.[1], but there are applications when up to 100% is routinely used.
Find it in Patient Profile wiki page: [Patient Profile->Medical Charts]
Glasgow Score
To calculate the Glasgow score, we rank each one of values of the entries listed in the first column of Table Gasgow Calculation, based on where they fall in pre-defined ranges and then we sum-up all the ranks.
| Glasgow Calculation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Eye Opening | Spontaneous | 4 |
| To speech | 3 | |
| To pain | 2 | |
| None | 1 | |
| Verbal response | Oriented | 5 |
| Confused | 4 | |
| Words (inappropriate) | 3 | |
| Sounds (incomprehensible) | 2 | |
| None | 1 | |
| Motor response | Obeys commands | 6 |
| Localizes to pain | 5 | |
| Withdraws from pain | 4 | |
| Flexion to pain (decorticate) | 3 | |
| Extension to pain (decerebrate) | 2 | |
| None | 1 | |
| Total: | ||
Find it in Patient Profile wiki page: [Patient Profile->Demographic Data & Disease Severity Assessment], [Patient Profile->Demographic Data & Disease Severity Assessment->Add Assessment], [Patient Profile->EHR->Glasgow Measures]
MEWS Score
To calculate the Mews score, we rank each one of values of the entries listed in the first column of Table Mews Calculation, based on where they fall in pre-defined ranges and then we sum-up all the ranks.
| Mews Calculation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Vital sign | Value range | Score |
| Respiratory Rate (/min) | <= 8 | 2 |
| 9 - 14 | 0 | |
| 15 - 20 | 1 | |
| 21 - 29 | 2 | |
| > 29 | 3 | |
| Heart Rate (/min) | <= 40 | 2 |
| 41 - 50 | 1 | |
| 51 - 100 | 0 | |
| 101 - 110 | 1 | |
| 111 - 129 | 2 | |
| > 129 | 3 | |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | <= 70 | 3 |
| 71 - 80 | 2 | |
| 81 - 100 | 1 | |
| 101 - 199 | 0 | |
| >= 200 | 2 | |
| Urine Output (ml/Kg/h) | Nil | 3 |
| < 0.5 | 2 | |
| Temperature (℃) | <= 35 | 2 |
| 35.1 - 36 | 1 | |
| 6.1 - 38 | 0 | |
| 38.1 - 38.5 | 1 | |
| >= 38.6 | 2 | |
| Total | ||
Find it in Patient Profile wiki page: [Patient Profile->Demographic Data & Disease Severity Assessment], [Patient Profile->Demographic Data & Disease Severity Assessment->Add Assessment]
NIV
Non-invasive Ventilation:
- Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BPAP)
- BPAP stands for Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure. It is a type of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or breathing support. It provides assistance when breathing in (inspiratory positive airway pressure or IPAP) and breathing out (expiratory positive airway pressure, EPAP). The BPAP machine also has a setting that maintains the child’s breathing rate by ensuring a minimum number of efficient breaths are taken in one minute.
- Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
- CPAP supplies constant fixed positive pressure throughout inspiration and expiration. It, therefore, is not a form of ventilation, but splints the airways open. It allows a higher degree of inspired oxygen than other oxygen masks. In the chronic setting it is used for severe obstructive sleep apnoea (splinting the upper airway) and in the acute setting for type 1 respiratory failure, for example in acute pulmonary oedema (recruiting collapsed alveoli).
Find it in Patient Profile wiki page:[Patient Profile->EHR->Medication&Treatment]
SpO2
SpO2 stands for peripheral capillary oxygen saturation, an estimate of the amount of oxygen in the blood. More specifically, it is the percentage of oxygenated haemoglobin (haemoglobin containing oxygen) compared to the total amount of haemoglobin in the blood ( oxygenated and non-oxygenated haemoglobin).
Find it in Patient Profile wiki page: [Patient Profile->Medical Charts]
